Congressional Floor Summary

The Congressional Floor Summary is a (mostly) daily briefing on U.S. House and Senate floor activity — bills scheduled, votes taken, nominations pending, and the legislative horizon ahead — produced by Lens and Mix, LLC using AI-assisted research, updated on days Congress is in session.

This is an experimental, strictly non-partisan publication. It reports legislative activity across both parties as a factual record, without commentary or advocacy. Because it is AI-assisted, it may contain errors and should not be treated as an official or definitive legislative record — always verify critical details against official sources such as Congress.gov, the Senate Daily Digest, and the House Majority Leader's schedule.

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Congressional Floor Summary — June 23, 2026
119th Congress · 2nd Session
Congressional Floor Summary
House & Senate · Daily Legislative Report
Curated and produced by Lens and Mix, LLC using AI-assisted research
Tuesday, June 23, 2026 Week of June 22 · Session Day 44
Independent, non-partisan, AI-assisted summary from Lens and Mix, LLC · Not an official government publication · Sourced from House Majority Leader, Senate Daily Digest, Congress.gov, GovTrack.us, and current reporting · Verify all legislative status at official sources before relying on it.
Actions ⚡ House Live Floor ⚡ Senate Floor 📊 GovTrack
House returns today from its district work period — FISA §702 standoff is the headline item, but no floor resolution is confirmed as of this writing
§702 remains lapsed since June 12; March FISC certifications continue to bridge collection to ~March 2027
Bill Pulte is acting DNI (since June 19); Democrats hold that he must go before any reauthorization can move
Trump still conditions §702 renewal on the unrelated SAVE America Act; Thune says the votes "aren't there"
In session Urgent / deadline Context / note
Week context: The House reconvenes today after its district work period, putting the lapsed FISA Section 702 authority back in front of the chamber for the first time since the June 11 vote that precipitated the lapse. As of this writing, no House floor vote or new legislative vehicle on §702 has been confirmed for today — the situation remains the standstill described below, and this edition reports only what is confirmed. The underlying impasse is unchanged: §702 has been lapsed since June 12 (collection bridged by the March FISC certifications to ~March 2027); Bill Pulte became acting Director of National Intelligence on June 19, which Democrats say must be reversed before any reauthorization can advance; the Jay Clayton DNI nomination hearing remains stalled; and President Trump continues to condition §702 renewal on passage of the unrelated SAVE America Act voter-ID bill, which Majority Leader Thune has said lacks the votes. We will follow up with an updated edition if confirmed floor action occurs.
What changed since June 22:
  • The House is back. The chamber returns today from its district work period. Its return is the procedural trigger that makes floor action on §702 possible again — but as of this writing no such action is confirmed.
  • No confirmed resolution of the §702 standoff. Reporting through the past day continues to describe negotiations at a standstill. Pulte remains acting DNI (since June 19), the Clayton hearing remains delayed, and the SAVE-Act condition still stands.
  • The arithmetic is unchanged. Any Senate path still needs 60 votes; Democrats remain unified that Pulte must go first, and Thune has said the SAVE America Act votes "aren't there." No public sign that either side has moved.
  • Operational backdrop holds. Despite the statutory lapse, collection continues under the March 2026 FISC certifications, which run to roughly March 2027 — so the lapse remains, for now, more political than operational.
This is a known-facts edition published while the House's return day is still in progress. It deliberately omits any floor vote or outcome that has not been confirmed. An updated edition will follow if and when confirmed action occurs.
🗓 Legislative Horizon
Major initiatives expected in the weeks ahead & remainder of the 119th Congress (ends Jan 3, 2027)
Imminent Coming weeks Later this session
Now — lapsed FISA Section 702 — Lapsed; House Back, Standoff Unbroken
Section 702 has been lapsed since midnight June 12 — the first expiration in its history. The House returns today, which reopens the possibility of floor action, but as of this writing no §702 vote or vehicle has been confirmed for the day and the underlying standoff is intact. Bill Pulte serves as acting DNI (since June 19), the figure Democrats most object to; the Clayton nomination that briefly looked like an off-ramp remains stalled; and Trump continues to condition any §702 reauthorization on passage of the unrelated SAVE America Act voter-ID bill, which Thune says lacks the votes. The near-term operational effect of the lapse still looks limited: the March 2026 FISC certifications grandfather existing collection until roughly March 2027, and providers remain compelled to comply with directives already in force. The political path stays narrow; the House's return is the procedural opening, not yet a resolution. House back today; no confirmed §702 floor action yet. Lapse cushioned to ~March 2027; Pulte in (since June 19), Clayton stalled, SAVE-Act condition stands.
This week Reconciliation 3.0 — $350B Pentagon + SAVE Act
Hours after signing the ~$70B ICE/CBP reconciliation bill (June 10), Trump demanded a third party-line package: $350B for the Pentagon plus the SAVE America Act, moved under simple-majority reconciliation. The SAVE Act collides with the parliamentarian’s prior ruling that it is reconciliation-ineligible — and Trump has separately demanded Thune fire her over exactly that. Rep. Pfluger (R-TX) is championing the effort. Conservatives also hope to fold in Iran war defense funding, a CBDC ban, health care, and fraud-prevention provisions. Shaping up as the next major intra-GOP and procedural battleground. "A serious problem for GOP leaders" (Punchbowl). Parliamentarian fight looms. Byrd Rule collision on SAVE Act.
Ongoing Iran — War Powers & Ceasefire Framework
The House passed War Powers concurrent resolution H.Con.Res. 86, 215–208 (Massie, Fitzpatrick, Barrett, Davidson crossing over) — but as a concurrent resolution it is symbolic and is not presented to the president. The Senate’s joint resolution (S.J.Res., which would carry force of law) advanced 50–47 procedurally with four R crossovers (Collins, Murkowski, Paul, Cassidy); a final vote is still possible but needs one more Republican. A tentative U.S.–Iran framework (60-day ceasefire extension, Strait of Hormuz reopening, nuclear talks) is unfinalized and under strain after the U.S. struck Iran following the downing of an Apache helicopter. Bessent: no sanctions relief without Iranian HEU turnover. Graham wants congressional review under the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015. Ceasefire strained. Senate final War Powers vote pending. Deal would moot the vote and ease FISA urgency.
Now — 2026 midterms Supreme Court VRA Ruling — Louisiana v. Callais (6–3)
The Court’s 6–3 ruling in Louisiana v. Callais (April 30) gutted Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act as applied to majority-minority district mandates. Florida enacted a new map; Alabama, Tennessee, and others moved through special sessions; Louisiana’s attempt to delay its primary for redistricting drew legal challenges. Estimates suggest up to 19 additional Republican-leaning House seats could be drawn by 2028, though the Purcell doctrine limits changes close to the November 2026 election. Congressional Democrats have no legislative path to a fix with the current majorities. The ruling will shape redistricting through the 2030 census. Maps shifting in multiple states. Up to ~19 R-leaning seats possible by 2028. Purcell limits 2026 changes.
By Sept. 30 FY2027 Appropriations
The new fiscal year begins October 1, 2026. All 12 appropriations bills must pass by September 30 to avoid a shutdown. Senate Appropriations (Collins/Murray) are working 302(b) toplines with markups planned after July 4; the House Transportation-Housing ("THUD") appropriations subcommittee markup is set for July 14, full committee July 17. The $350B Pentagon reconciliation demand complicates the defense topline — leadership must decide whether war/Pentagon funding flows through reconciliation or the regular bills. After this session’s shutdown history, another continuing resolution or shutdown is a realistic risk. Hard deadline Sept. 30, 2026. Pentagon topline fight ahead. CR or shutdown a live possibility.
Coming months Trump vs. the Senate Parliamentarian
Trump has twice in five weeks demanded Thune fire Senate Parliamentarian Elizabeth MacDonough over her rulings keeping the SAVE Act out of reconciliation. Thune is resisting, calling the targeting "concerning" — overruling or replacing her would set a precedent future majorities could exploit and would cost institutionalist votes (Collins, Murkowski, McConnell). The standoff is a recurring flashpoint that will resurface with every reconciliation and Byrd Rule fight, including Recon 3.0. Institutional norms vs. results pressure. Resurfaces on every Byrd Rule dispute.
Later in session Debt Ceiling
Treasury has been operating under extraordinary measures. The debt-limit runway depends on what fiscal vehicles move this year — a reconciliation package carrying a debt-limit increase would extend it, while inaction makes the ceiling a separate crisis point. Projections have pointed to a potential X-date around late 2026 or early 2027. Worth tracking as Recon 3.0 and appropriations develop. Timing depends on whether a debt-limit increase rides on a moving vehicle. Potential X-date late 2026/early 2027.
Fall 2026 2026 Midterm Elections — Session Deadline
The 119th Congress ends January 3, 2027; all bills not enacted by then expire. The November 3, 2026 midterms decide the 120th Congress. Republicans hold a narrow House majority (roughly 218–215 with vacancies) and a 53–47 Senate (two independents caucus with Democrats). Trump-backed primary challengers have ousted incumbents Cornyn and Cassidy, reshaping the GOP caucus. The effective legislative window narrows by late summer as campaign season dominates. Effective window closes by ~September 2026. Primary purges reshaping the GOP caucus.
119th Congress · 2nd Session · Currently before Congress
On the Floor — Week of June 22, 2026
House returns today to a lapsed FISA §702 and an unresolved Pulte / SAVE-Act standoff · no confirmed §702 floor action as of this writing · collection continues under the March FISC certifications to ~March 2027
Day 11
§702 lapsed since June 12 (collection continues to ~Mar 2027)
House back
Returns today from district work period
Republican lead Democrat lead Bipartisan Deadline Active Completed Contested
H
U.S. House of Representatives
Speaker: Rep. Mike Johnson (R-LA) · Majority Leader: Rep. Steve Scalise (R-LA) · Reconvenes today after district work period
House reconvenes — FISA §702
Chamber Returns to a Lapsed Surveillance Law — No Confirmed Floor Action Yet Standstill continues
B
Status: House back today; §702 returns to the floor agenda for the first time since the June 11 vote that led to the lapse Confirmed action: None as of this writing — no §702 vote or new vehicle has been reported for today Backdrop: §702 lapsed since June 12; collection continues under the March FISC certifications to ~March 2027
The House returns today from its district work period, which mechanically reopens the possibility of floor action on the lapsed Section 702 authority. As of this writing, however, no House vote or new legislative vehicle on §702 has been confirmed for the day. The standoff that produced the lapse is unchanged: the chamber's last relevant action was the June 11 vote (a short-term extension failed 198–218 under suspension), after which members left for the recess. Whether leadership brings anything to the floor on the return — and in what form — is not yet established, and this edition does not assume one. The continuity of collection under the March FISC certifications means the practical pressure of the lapse remains limited for now, even as the political impasse persists.
The impasse — where it stands
Pulte In, Clayton Stalled, SAVE-Act Condition Attached No party has publicly moved
B
Pulte: Became acting DNI June 19; Democrats say he must be replaced before any §702 reauthorization can move Clayton: DNI nomination hearing stalled after Trump moved to delay it SAVE Act: Trump conditions §702 on this voter-ID bill; it passed the House in February but is stalled in the Senate
The substance of the deadlock is the same as last week. Trump installed Bill Pulte as acting DNI on June 19; House and Senate Democrats have tied any §702 reauthorization to his removal, arguing his appointment is inconsistent with the statutory requirement that the DNI have extensive national-security experience. The Jay Clayton nomination, briefly seen as an off-ramp, remains delayed. And the President's demand that §702 ride alongside the SAVE America Act — a voter-ID measure that passed the House in February but has stalled in the Senate — adds a second, unrelated obstacle. No public reporting through the past day indicates either side has shifted its position.
S
U.S. Senate
Majority Leader: Sen. John Thune (R-SD) · Minority Leader: Sen. Chuck Schumer (D-NY) · In session
H.R.6644 — 21st Century ROAD to Housing Act
Housing Bill Was Set for a Monday Evening Vote — Result Not Confirmed in This Edition Final passage pending confirmation
R
The vote: Motion to concur in the House message with Thune substitute amendment (SA 5823) — passage Scheduled: A roll-call vote was set for approximately 5:30 p.m. Monday (June 22), post-cloture Note: This edition does not state an outcome, which was not confirmed as of writing; an update will reflect the result
The Senate's central legislative vehicle this stretch has been the housing bill. After moving a substitute amendment (SA 5823) and invoking cloture, the chamber was scheduled to hold a roll-call vote at approximately 5:30 p.m. Monday on the motion to concur in the House amendment with Leader Thune's substitute — the step toward final passage. Because the result had not been confirmed when this edition was prepared, it is reported here as scheduled rather than completed; a follow-up will state the outcome once verified. (Consistent with this briefing's practice, no vote result is asserted without confirmation.)
Executive Calendar — nominations
Owens (OSCE) Queued; Holding Confirmed 48–39 Last Week Steady nominations work continues
R
Recently queued: Darrell Owens, to be U.S. Representative to the OSCE with the rank of Ambassador (Exec. Cal. #758) Confirmed last week: George Holding, U.S. Director of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development — 48–39 Process: Owens vote set to follow in executive session at a time set by the leaders
The Senate continues to move executive-calendar business. The Darrell Owens nomination (U.S. Representative to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, with ambassadorial rank) was teed up for a confirmation vote in executive session. Last week the chamber confirmed George Holding as U.S. Director of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development by a vote of 48–39 — a roughly party-line margin with a number of senators not voting.
Holding (EBRD) confirmation
48–39 · confirmed
FISA §702 — the Senate side of the standoff
"Bound by Arithmetic" — No Senate Path While Pulte Stays and the SAVE Act Is Attached Impasse persists
B
Math: Any reauthorization needs 60 votes; Democrats remain unified that Pulte must be removed first SAVE Act: Thune has said the votes "aren't there"; Schumer says the Senate will not pass it Status: §702 lapsed since June 12; collection continues under the March FISC certifications to ~March 2027
On the Senate side, the deadlock is one of arithmetic and conditions. Reauthorizing §702 requires 60 votes, and Democrats remain unified that Bill Pulte must be replaced as acting DNI before they will provide them. President Trump's insistence that the SAVE America Act ride along compounds the problem: Majority Leader Thune has described the Senate as "bound by arithmetic," acknowledging the votes for the voter-ID measure "aren't there," while Minority Leader Schumer has said the Senate will not pass it. With the House back today, a vehicle could in principle originate there, but no confirmed movement has been reported, and the underlying vote math in the Senate has not changed.
June 2026
Jun 23 Floor
House returns from recess; FISA §702 standstill unbroken (no confirmed floor action)
The House reconvened after its district work period, reopening the possibility of floor action on the lapsed Section 702 authority. As of this edition, no §702 vote or new legislative vehicle had been confirmed for the day. The impasse was unchanged: Pulte acting DNI since June 19 (Democrats insist he must go), the Clayton DNI hearing stalled, and Trump's SAVE-Act condition still attached, which Thune has said lacks the votes. Collection continues under the March FISC certifications to ~March 2027. On the Senate side, a final passage vote on H.R.6644 (housing) had been scheduled for Monday evening; the result was not confirmed in this edition. Published as a known-facts edition pending updates.
Jun 22 Floor
Senate returns to finish the housing bill; House back June 23
The Senate convened at 3:00 p.m. to take up H.R.6644 (21st Century ROAD to Housing Act) post-cloture, with a roll-call vote (~5:30 p.m.) on the motion to concur in the House message with Thune substitute SA 5823, plus the Darrell Owens (OSCE Ambassador) nomination. The House remained in its district work period (final day), set to reconvene June 23. The FISA §702 / Pulte / SAVE-Act standoff was unchanged over the recess; §702 stays lapsed, bridged to ~March 2027.
Jun 18 Nomination
Senate confirms Holding (EBRD) 48–39; rejects S.J.Res.190 motion 46–48
The Senate confirmed George Holding as U.S. Director of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 48–39. It rejected the motion to proceed to S.J.Res.190 (Kaine) — a CRA disapproval of an EOIR rule on Board of Immigration Appeals appellate procedures — by 46–48 (Record Vote 173). By unanimous consent it agreed to H.Con.Res.109 (Salazar), allowing Emancipation Hall for the June 24 time-capsule dedication. Work on H.R.6644 (housing) advanced toward a June 22 final vote.
48–39
Jun 17 Reversal
Trump cancels Clayton DNI hearing, keeps Pulte, ties FISA to voter-ID bill
In a morning post from the G7, Trump called off Jay Clayton's 2 p.m. Senate Intelligence confirmation hearing — saying it won't proceed until Clayton's SDNY successor is confirmed — and confirmed Bill Pulte stays as acting DNI (June 19). He added a new condition: no §702 reauthorization unless Congress also passes the SAVE America Act (voter-ID). Democrats unmoved: "Pulte's got to go. Period." The off-ramp narrows; §702 stays lapsed (bridged to ~March 2027).
Jun 11 Nomination
Trump nominates Jay Clayton for DNI; Pulte still acting June 19
Hours after the House rejected the FISA extension, Trump named SDNY U.S. Attorney and ex-SEC chair Jay Clayton as permanent DNI (Senate Intel hearing June 17). But Trump confirmed Pulte still becomes acting DNI June 19 until Clayton is confirmed — so Democrats' FISA red line held. Warner: needs a "clear guarantee" Pulte won't serve; Schumer: "He has got to go. Period."
Jun 12 Lapse
FISA Section 702 lapses at midnight — first expiration in program history
After the House and Senate failed to pass any extension and left town, Section 702 expires at midnight for the first time since its 2008 enactment. Core cause: Democrats refused to extend while Bill Pulte is set to become acting DNI June 19; Trump refused to withdraw him. Near-term impact disputed — existing FISC certifications may allow ongoing collection to continue. House returns June 23.
Lapsed
Jun 11 Failed
House rejects 3-week FISA extension 198–218 · Senate UC attempts fail
Three-week extension (through July 2) failed under suspension, far short of two-thirds. 199 Democrats + 19 Republicans against; only 7 Democrats for. In the Senate, three UC attempts failed with Wyden objecting. Both chambers left town; House adjourned until June 23. Johnson called it "shameful" and "dangerous"; Warner's worry: Pulte getting "the keys to the 18 intelligence agencies."
198–218
Jun 10 Signed into law
Trump signs $70B ICE/CBP reconciliation bill — funds agencies through end of term
Closes 115-day immigration standoff. House passed 214–212 (Jun 9); Senate 51–50 (Vance tie-break) last week. Anti-weaponization fund survived; Jan. 6 officers suing Trump over it; court order blocking fund remains pending litigation.
Signed
Jun 10 Demand
Trump demands "Recon 3.0" — $350B Pentagon bill + SAVE America Act via reconciliation
Truth Social post directs Republicans to immediately advance a $350B Pentagon reconciliation package including the SAVE America Act, under simple-majority reconciliation rules. Collides with parliamentarian's prior ruling that SAVE Act is reconciliation-ineligible. Pfluger (R-TX) championing. "A serious problem for GOP congressional leaders" per Punchbowl.
$350B
Jun 9 Passed House → Trump
ICE/CBP Reconciliation Bill — Passed House 214–212 · Headed to Trump's desk
Party-line 214–212 vote ends 115-day immigration standoff. Funds ICE + Border Patrol through 2029. Anti-weaponization fund ($1.776B) survived unrestricted. Only crossover: Rep. Kiley (I-CA, former R) voted with GOP. Jan. 6 officers suing Trump over the fund. Tillis blasted colleagues for not blocking it. Goes to Trump for signature.
214–212
Jun 8 Demand
Trump demands Thune fire Senate parliamentarian over SAVE Act
Second such demand in 5 weeks. Parliamentarian MacDonough ruled SAVE Act can't pass via simple-majority reconciliation. Thune resisting — calls targeting "concerning." Would set precedent for future Democratic majorities and cost institutionalist R votes (Collins, Murkowski, McConnell).
Resisted
Jun 7 Framework
Tentative U.S.-Iran 60-day ceasefire extension + Strait of Hormuz framework reached
Tentative agreement (not yet finalized) to extend ceasefire 60 days, reopen Strait of Hormuz, and establish nuclear talks framework. Bessent condition: no sanctions relief without Iranian HEU turnover. Graham calling for congressional review under Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act. Trump: daily conversations with Iran. Initial Pakistan talks in April failed; deal would reshape entire fall legislative calendar.
Tentative
Jun 6 Blocked
Senate Democrats block FISA motion to proceed 47–52 over Pulte DNI appointment
All Democrats except Fetterman voted no, joined by 6 Republicans (Hawley, Lee, Paul, Schmitt, Scott, Tuberville). Democrats protesting Trump's appointment of FHFA director Bill Pulte as acting DNI. Pulte used FHFA role to dig up mortgage info on Fed Gov. Cook and NY AG James. Warner: can't authorize surveillance when Pulte could use intelligence against Trump's political enemies. Fast-track FISA path now dead.
47–52
Jun 5 Failed 49–49
Warner amendment to bar Pulte as acting DNI — Failed 49–49 · 3 R crossovers
Cassidy, Collins, and Murkowski voted to bar a Senate-confirmed agency head from serving as acting DNI. Failed 49–49. All three questioned Pulte's credentials. Pulte simultaneously serves as FHFA director.
49–49
Jun 3 HISTORIC
Iran War Powers Resolution — PASSED House · First chamber passage of conflict
House passed concurrent resolution directing Trump to remove U.S. forces from Iran hostilities — first time either chamber has passed a War Powers resolution on the Iran conflict. Required Republican crossovers (Fitzpatrick, Bacon, others). Goes to Senate. Trump expected to veto if Senate passes. Rubio called House Foreign Affairs hearing "chaos" and warned Iran would think administration's "hands tied."
Passed
Jun 3 Passed House
H.Con.Res. 86 — Iran War Powers Resolution · Passed House 215–208
First final passage of a War Powers resolution on the Iran conflict in either chamber. R crossovers: Massie (KY), Fitzpatrick (PA), Barrett (MI), Davidson (OH). Johnson had previously sent members home early to prevent the vote. Trump: "4 bad Republicans" in "meaningless vote." Goes to Senate — final vote not yet scheduled. Active Iran deal talks may moot the vote.
215–208
Jun 3 Statement
Fetterman: eliminating filibuster "we were so wrong, so wrong about that"
Sen. Fetterman reversed his prior position opposing filibuster elimination. Significant given Paxton and Cassidy successor elections — both more likely to push filibuster abolition. Fetterman has broken with Democrats on Warsh, Cekada, reconciliation, and War Powers throughout this session.
Reversal
Jun 2 Passed Senate
ICE/CBP Reconciliation Bill ($72B) — Passed Senate 51–50 · Vance breaks tie
Collins, Tillis, and Paul voted no. Ballroom and anti-weaponization fund both stripped. Funds ICE ($38.2B) + CBP ($22.57B) through FY2029 + $1.5B DOJ. Goes to House — Johnson targeting July 2 floor vote. Senate made Medicaid changes that may complicate House passage. Paul: "The big not so beautiful bill has passed."
51–50
Jun 1 Returns
Congress returns from recess · Reconciliation vote-a-rama resumes · FISA 11 days
Both chambers return from one-week recess. Reconciliation vote-a-rama resumes with anti-weaponization fund still unresolved. FISA expires June 12 with effective deal deadline ~June 9. Murkowski AUMF expected this week.
Returns
Jun 1 Dropped
Anti-weaponization fund dropped — DOJ abides by court ruling · Reconciliation path clears
Trump administration backed down on $1.776B anti-weaponization fund Mon morning. DOJ announced compliance with Eastern District of Virginia court order blocking the fund. Thune called on White House to abandon it; Johnson met Trump personally. Republican leaders now confident $72B reconciliation bill can pass this week with fund removed. Democrats still plan amendment votes on fund.
Fund dropped
May 2026
May 26 Primary loss
Sen. Cassidy (R-LA) loses primary to Trump-endorsed challenger
Second sitting Republican senator toppled in 2026 cycle after Cornyn. Cassidy voted to convict Trump at 2nd impeachment trial. Two fewer establishment-aligned Republican senators in next Congress. Both Paxton and Cassidy's successor more likely to support filibuster abolition.
Primary loss
May 26 Primary result
Ken Paxton defeats John Cornyn in Texas Senate GOP runoff — blowout
AP called race ~8 p.m. Paxton wins in blowout, ending Cornyn's 35-year electoral dominance. Trump endorsed Paxton; Thune/McConnell backed Cornyn. One GOP strategist: "Trump made a $100M mistake." Pence: GOP "lost our way." Paxton faces Democrat Talarico in November. Filibuster abolition a key Paxton campaign issue.
Paxton wins
May 21 Stalled
ICE/CBP Reconciliation Bill — $72B · Stalled · $1.8B anti-weaponization fund broke GOP
Vote-a-rama began but bill did not pass Thursday. New flashpoint: $1.8B "anti-weaponization fund" allowing DOJ to compensate those "wronged" by federal law enforcement — including potentially Jan. 6 rioters per VP Vance. Tillis: "stupid on stilts." Senate adjourned for recess. Vote expected week of June 1. June 1 Trump deadline missed. SAVE Act amendment failed 48–50 during vote-a-rama.
Stalled
May 20 Markup completed
Senate Budget Committee markup completed — Combines Homeland Security + Judiciary bills
Budget Committee completed its largely procedural markup combining the two committee reconciliation bills into one package. Floor vote-a-rama begins Thursday. Ballroom provision ($1B) stripped after parliamentarian ruling. CBO: $71.7B deficit impact over 2026–2035.
Markup done
May 19 Markup completed
Senate Judiciary Committee markup completed · Reconciliation ICE/CBP bill
Judiciary Committee completed its markup of the $30.73B ICE portion of the reconciliation bill. Budget Committee markup today (Wed). CBO estimates combined deficit impact $71.7B over 2026–2035. Floor vote-a-rama Thursday.
Markup done
May 17 Ruled out
Senate Parliamentarian rules $1B White House ballroom security provision CANNOT be in reconciliation
Parliamentarian Elizabeth MacDonough ruled Sat night that the ballroom provision spans multiple committee jurisdictions — cannot pass at simple-majority threshold. Six Republican senators had raised concerns. Graham says provision may go to a third reconciliation bill. Democrats to use as campaign messaging ("Ballroom Republicans").
Ruled out
May 15 Passed House
5-year farm bill passed the House last week. Bipartisan origins (7 Democrats voted yes in committee) but sharp floor opposition to SNAP cuts ($187B over 10 years) and pesticide liability shield. Includes E15 ethanol. Now awaiting Senate action — Senate Agriculture timeline unclear. Needs 60 votes in Senate.
Passed
May 15 Announced
Murkowski announces Iran AUMF introduction — pivots war debate to authorization with conditions
Sen. Murkowski announced she will introduce an Authorization for Use of Military Force for the Iran conflict when Congress returns. Working with several colleagues. Shifts debate from "stop the war" to "authorize with congressional conditions and oversight." Potential co-sponsors: Collins, Tillis, Curtis, Paul.
AUMF coming
May 15 Diplomatic
Trump lifts UK tariffs following King Charles joint address · First major tariff rollback
Following King Charles III's historic joint address to Congress Wednesday, Trump announced he is lifting tariffs on UK goods — the first significant tariff rollback of his second term. Charles proposed a toast to Trump. UK-US trade relationship restored.
Tariffs lifted
May 14 Renamed
Iran conflict renamed "Project Freedom" · Rubio: "Operation Epic Fury is over"
Rubio announced new phase focused on opening Strait of Hormuz. Legal strategy to reset War Powers Act clock. Democrats and 3 Republican senators rejected rebranding. Iran responding with strikes on Strait transit vessels. War cost confirmed at $29B Thursday.
Renamed
May 14 Hearing
Hegseth + Gen. Caine — Pentagon $1.5T FY2027 Budget Request · Iran war cost $29B
Back-to-back testimony before House and Senate Appropriations. $1.5T FY2027 request = 42% increase. Iran war cost confirmed $29B (internal estimates $50B+). Cole warned reconciliation for war funding "creates cliffs." Some Republicans pushing for third reconciliation bill for Iran defense spending.
$29B confirmed
May 14 Advanced
Digital Asset Market Structure Legislation — Advanced Senate Banking Committee
Bipartisan crypto market structure bill cleared Senate Banking Committee Thursday. Establishes SEC/CFTC jurisdiction framework for digital assets. Senate floor timing TBD.
Advanced committee
May 13 Confirmed
Kevin Warsh — Federal Reserve Chair · Confirmed 54–45 · Closest in modern era
Fetterman only Democratic crossover. 17th Fed chair of the modern banking era. First new Fed chair since 2018. Powell stays on as Fed governor. First FOMC meeting as chair: June 16–17. Warsh plans "regime change" at Fed — tighter Treasury coordination, smaller balance sheet.
54–45
May 13 Advanced
S.J.Res. 163 — Iran War Powers Resolution · 3 Republican crossovers for first time
Murkowski (R-AK), Collins (R-ME), and Rand Paul (R-KY) voted to advance — first time three Republicans crossed over in any of seven Iran war votes. Murkowski voting yes for the first time. Coalition now ~50 votes — one short of majority if Fetterman votes no. Tillis and Curtis have expressed concern. White House dismissed vote.
3 R crossovers
May 12 Confirmed
Kevin Warsh — Federal Reserve Board of Governors · Confirmed 51–45
Largely party-line; Fetterman (D-PA) the only Democratic crossover. 14-year term as Fed governor confirmed. Chair vote expected Wednesday. Powell's chair term expires Friday. Warsh plans "regime change" at the Fed — tighter Treasury coordination, smaller balance sheet, lower rates. Iran war oil price surge complicates the policy environment.
51–45
May 11 Cloture invoked
Kevin Warsh — Federal Reserve Chair Nominee · Cloture invoked Mon
Senate invoked cloture on Warsh nomination Monday evening. Confirmation vote expected Wednesday. Powell's term has expired; Warsh would immediately become Fed chair upon confirmation.
Cloture invoked
May 11 Confirmed
49 Trump Executive Branch Nominees Confirmed En Bloc
Senate confirmed 49 nominees in a single en bloc vote via S.Res. approval. Part of Thune's ongoing strategy to accelerate Trump administration staffing. Democrats objected but could not block.
49 confirmed
May 8 Released
ICE/CBP Reconciliation Bill Text Released — $72B · Through FY2029
Senate Judiciary and Homeland Security Committees released full text of the $72B reconciliation bill funding ICE and Border Patrol through fiscal year 2029. Senate Judiciary business meeting to formally consider this week ahead of May 15 reporting deadline.
Text released
May 7 Escalation
U.S. Forces Attack Iranian-Flagged Tanker · Naval Blockade Enforcement
U.S. military attacked an Iranian-flagged tanker attempting to breach the Strait of Hormuz naval blockade — most significant military action since April 7 ceasefire. White House had declared hostilities "terminated" May 1. Iran revealed peace demands Trump rejected. Macron called for Strait reopening.
Tanker attacked
May 3 Indictment
Former FBI Director James Comey — Second Indictment
Indicted for posting a photo of seashells on a beach that prosecutors said amounted to a threat against President Trump. Comey denied the charge. Second indictment of Comey this session. Democrats called it politically motivated.
Indicted
May 1 WH Letter
White House declares Iran hostilities "terminated" · War Powers clock reset disputed
White House sent formal letter to Congress declaring hostilities "terminated" even as naval blockade continues. Administration argues April 7 ceasefire pauses the 60-day clock. Democrats and 4 Republican senators rejected the framing. War Powers confrontation deferred.
Disputed
April 2026
Apr 30 SCOTUS
Louisiana v. Callais — Supreme Court 6–3 · VRA Section 2 gutted
Conservative supermajority struck down Louisiana's 2nd majority-Black congressional district. Effectively nullifies VRA Section 2 majority-minority district requirements. Florida immediately enacted new gerrymander. Up to 19 House seats could shift R by 2028. Kagan dissent called it "setting back racial equality in electoral opportunity."
6–3
Apr 30 Enacted
P.L. 119-85 — DHS Appropriations (Non-ICE/CBP) · 76-day shutdown ended
House passed by voice vote; Trump signed Thursday afternoon. Funds TSA, Secret Service, Coast Guard, FEMA, CISA, and all non-immigration DHS agencies through Sept. 30. Longest agency-level shutdown in U.S. history ended. ICE/CBP on reconciliation track.
Signed
Apr 30 Enacted
P.L. 119-86 — FISA Section 702 45-Day Extension (3rd short-term patch)
Senate stripped CBDC ban, passed unanimously. House passed 261–111. Trump signed. New expiration: ~June 15. Third FISA short-term patch this session (Apr 18, Apr 30). 3-year deal still unresolved.
Signed
Apr 29 Confirmed
Robert Cekada — ATF Director · Confirmed 59–39
Bipartisan: 7 Democratic caucus members voted yes. First ATF director confirmed by a Republican president. Announced 34 regulatory reforms same day, including rescission of Biden-era pistol brace rule.
59–39
Apr 29 Passed House
Passed House 235–191. 42 Democrats yes, 22 Republicans no. CBDC ban attached dead on arrival in Senate — 45-day extension likely instead. FISA expires tonight.
235–191
Apr 29 Adopted
House adopted 215–211 party-line. Both chambers now adopted — reconciliation formally launched. Senate committees write ICE/CBP funding bill by May 15.
215–211
Apr 29 Rule passed
H.Res. 1224 — Rule for FISA + Farm Bill + Reconciliation
Rule passed 216–210 after 2+ hours open. Luna went no → present → yes after SAVE Act commitment. Rep. McGovern: "S---show."
216–210
Apr 29 Joint Address
King Charles III — Address to Joint Session of Congress
First British monarch to address Congress since 1991. Came amid UK-US tariff tensions. Johnson presided.
Joint session
Apr 27 Cloture invoked
Robert Cekada — ATF Director · Cloture invoked Mon
Cloture invoked on nomination. Confirmation vote scheduled today Apr 28. Expected party-line confirmation.
Cloture invoked
Apr 25 Shooting
White House Correspondents' Dinner Shooting — Washington Hilton
Cole Tomas Allen fired shots at security screening area outside WHCD. One Secret Service agent struck in vest, expected to recover. Trump, Vance, Cabinet evacuated. Allen arrested; charged with attempted assassination of the President. Manifesto cited "Friendly Federal Assassin." Galvanized DHS funding urgency.
1 agent wounded
Apr 23 Passed House
Geothermal energy bill passed the House Thursday. Waives NEPA review for certain federal land geothermal activities. Bipartisan support. Sent to Senate.
Passed
Apr 23 Cloture filed
Thune filed cloture on motion to proceed to S. 4344 immediately after budget resolution passed. Cloture vote possible as early as Monday Apr 27. Senate's FISA fallback now formally in motion.
Cloture filed
Apr 23 Adopted
Adopted 50–48 at ~3:30 a.m. after 5-hour vote-a-rama. Murkowski and Rand Paul voted against with all Democrats. Graham amendment (violent criminal deportation) passed 98–0. All Democratic policy amendments failed. Now heads to House for adoption.
50–48
Apr 22 Failed
Sponsored by Sen. Baldwin (D-WI). Failed 46–51. Fetterman (D) voted no; Paul (R) voted yes — consistent with all prior votes. Grassley, McCormick, Warner absent. War Powers Act 60-day deadline arrives next week.
46–51
Apr 22 Motion to proceed
Senate voted 52–46 on strict party lines to proceed to the FY2026 budget resolution for ICE/CBP reconciliation. Instructs committees to draft $70B in immigration enforcement funding by May 15. Vote-a-rama expected Wed or Thu.
52–46
Apr 21 Resigned
Rep. Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick (D-FL) — Resigned
Resigned at 1:30 p.m., minutes before her House Ethics Committee sanctions hearing. Third member to resign in under two weeks (after Swalwell D-CA and Gonzales R-TX last week). House now 218R–213D, 4 open seats.
Effective 1:30 p.m.
Apr 21 Confirmed
Andrew B. Davis — U.S. District Judge, W.D. Texas
Confirmed 47–46. Collins (R) voted no. Seven senators not voting: Daines, Fetterman, Grassley, Murkowski, Risch, Sheehy, Warner. Third Trump W.D. Texas judge confirmed this session.
47–46
Apr 20 On Calendar
Placed on Senate Calendar via Rule XIV by Majority Leader Thune. Senate formally positioned to take lead on longer-term FISA deal before April 30 deadline.
Rule XIV
Apr 20 Passed
S.Res. 681 — Resolution honoring Chuck Norris
Adopted by voice vote. Memorial resolution for the late actor and martial artist.
Voice vote
Apr 18 Enacted
Signed into law Saturday by President Trump. Extends FISA Section 702 through April 30. Followed three failed House floor votes (18-month, 5-year, rule) Thursday night. Both chambers passed by unanimous consent.
Signed
Apr 16 Failed
Motion to discharge from Senate Foreign Relations Committee failed. Democrats could not win Republican crossover votes needed to force the bill to the floor.
47–52
Apr 16 Passed Senate
Passed Senate 50–49. Collins and Tillis (R) voted against; Hawley not voting. Sent to House. Would reverse Biden-era withdrawal of Iron Range federal lands from mining.
50–49
Apr 16 Cloture invoked
Andrew B. Davis — U.S. District Judge, W.D. Texas
Cloture invoked 49–48 on Trump judicial nominee. Confirmation vote scheduled no earlier than Monday April 20.
49–48
Apr 15 Failed
Motion to discharge from Foreign Relations Committee failed. Would have directed disapproval of U.S. arms sales to Israel.
36–63
Apr 15 Passed
Congressional Review Act disapproval of Biden-era Bureau of Land Management withdrawal of federal lands in Cook, Lake & St. Louis Counties, MN. Passed Senate; sent to House.
51–49
Apr 14 Confirmed
John Thomas Shepherd — U.S. District Judge, W.D. Arkansas
Trump judicial nominee confirmed by Senate. Part of ongoing judicial confirmation pipeline.
Party-line
Apr 13 Enacted
Signed April 13, 2026. Addresses small business innovation programs and economic security provisions.
Signed
Apr 8 Ceasefire
Iran–U.S. Ceasefire Takes Effect (Operation Epic Fury)
After 40 days of combat operations, a ceasefire brokered by Pakistan took effect. U.S. naval blockade of Iranian ports imposed Apr 13 after peace talks in Islamabad collapsed. No AUMF passed by Congress.
March 2026
Mar 24 Confirmed
Markwayne Mullin — Secretary of Homeland Security
Sen. Mullin (R-OK) confirmed as DHS Secretary and resigned from Senate. Alan Armstrong appointed to fill his seat.
Mar 12 Passed Senate
Bipartisan housing supply bill passed Senate 82–11 with substitute amendment (S.Amdt. 4308). Returned to House with changes; House has not yet acted on Senate version.
82–11
February 2026
Feb 28 Military
Operation Epic Fury Launched — U.S.–Israel Strikes on Iran
Joint U.S.–Israeli military operation commenced. Supreme Leader Khamenei killed in opening strikes. Iran responded with missile/drone attacks; closed Strait of Hormuz. No congressional AUMF authorized. 40-day campaign until Apr 8 ceasefire.
No AUMF
Feb 25 Passed House
Requires documentary proof of citizenship to register for federal elections; photo ID to vote. Passed House 218–213. Currently stalled in Senate filibuster.
218–213
Feb 18 Enacted
Establishes a congressional time capsule for the U.S. 250th anniversary in 2026.
Signed
Feb 18 Enacted
Congressional Review Act disapproval of D.C. Council's income and franchise tax conformity amendment.
Signed
Feb 14 Shutdown
Partial DHS Shutdown Begins — Ongoing
DHS partial shutdown began when two-week CR expired. Democrats blocked DHS funding demanding ICE/CBP reform after CBP killing of Alex Pretti (Jan 24). ICE, CBP, TSA, FEMA, Secret Service among affected agencies. Shutdown ongoing as of April 16.
Day 75
Feb 10 Enacted
Requires federal agencies to cross-check payment records against the Social Security death master file to eliminate improper payments to deceased individuals.
Signed
Feb 9 Passed House
Bipartisan housing supply bill passed House. Includes zoning reform incentives, FHA loan limit increases, streamlined environmental reviews.
Bipartisan
Feb 6 Enacted
Reforms bankruptcy court administrative procedures and fee structures.
Signed
Feb 3 Enacted
Full-year FY2026 appropriations for all departments except DHS. Ended the 4-day general shutdown (Jan 31–Feb 3). DHS excluded due to Democratic objections over ICE/CBP reform.
Signed
Feb 3 Shutdown ends
First 2026 Shutdown Ends (4 days — Jan 31–Feb 3)
General government shutdown ended when P.L. 119-75 was signed. Shutdown caused by delay approving full-year appropriations package; DHS excluded and placed on 2-week CR.
January 2026
Jan 31 Shutdown
First 2026 General Government Shutdown Begins
Partial shutdown began when FY2025 continuing resolution expired. Affected approximately half of federal departments. Lasted 4 days until Feb 3 passage of Consolidated Appropriations Act.
4 days
Jan 23 Enacted
Signed Jan 23, 2026. Part of the FY2026 appropriations package covering Commerce, Justice, Science (including NASA/NSF), Energy and Water, and Interior/Environment departments.
Signed
Jan 22 Passed House
Final FY2026 Appropriations Package — 3 Bills
House passed final three FY2026 spending bills (Transportation/HUD 341–88; DHS 220–207; others) completing the House's work on annual appropriations. Senate Democrats subsequently blocked DHS portion.
341–88 / 220–207
Jan 20 Enacted
Amends title 38 to improve VA housing assistance programs for disabled veterans.
Signed
Jan 8 Veto sustained
Veto Override Attempts Fail — H.R. 504 & H.R. 131
House failed to override two Biden-era vetoes: Miccosukee Reserved Area Amendments Act (H.R. 504) and Finish the Arkansas Valley Conduit Act (H.R. 131). Both vetoes sustained; bills died.
Override failed
Jan 5 Session opens
119th Congress 2nd Session Convenes
Second session of the 119th Congress begins. Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene (R-GA) resigned same day. Rep. Doug LaMalfa (R-CA) died Jan 6. Republican House majority: 218–214 at opening.
AppropriationsBudget
The annual bills that actually provide money for government operations. Twelve must be enacted each year; if they aren't done by the deadline, the affected agencies face a shutdown unless a stopgap measure is passed.
AUMF (Authorization for Use of Military Force)Legal / War powers
A law authorizing the president to use the military — the constitutional mechanism by which Congress, which alone holds the power to declare war, grants that authority. An AUMF takes the form of a bill or joint resolution and, once enacted, has the force of law.
Learn more ↗ Source: Cornell Legal Information Institute See also: War Powers Resolution, Concurrent vs. joint resolution
Authorization vs. appropriationBudget
Two separate steps in funding government. An authorization creates or continues a program and sets a ceiling on what may be spent on it; an appropriation then provides the actual money — and the two amounts can differ.
Learn more ↗ Source: Congress.gov See also: Appropriations
Byrd RuleBudget
A Senate rule that bars provisions unrelated to the budget from a reconciliation bill. A senator can raise a point of order against an offending provision, and removing it generally requires 60 votes — so non-budget items are usually struck instead. The Senate parliamentarian advises on what qualifies.
Learn more ↗ Source: Congressional Research Service See also: Reconciliation, Parliamentarian, Point of order
ClotureFloor procedure
The only formal Senate procedure for ending debate and forcing a vote. Invoking cloture on most legislation requires a three-fifths majority — normally 60 of 100 senators — though for nominations it now takes only a simple majority.
Learn more ↗ Source: U.S. Senate See also: Filibuster, Motion to proceed
Concurrent vs. joint resolutionLegislation types
Two different kinds of measures Congress can pass. A concurrent resolution (e.g., H.Con.Res.) expresses Congress's position but has no force of law and is not sent to the president. A joint resolution (e.g., S.J.Res.) does have the force of law if signed — or vetoed and overridden — much like a regular bill.
Learn more ↗ Source: U.S. Senate See also: Veto override
Continuing resolution (CR)Budget
A stopgap funding measure that keeps the government operating — usually at existing levels — when the regular appropriations bills aren't finished by the deadline. It buys time and prevents a shutdown without setting new full-year spending.
Learn more ↗ Source: Congress.gov See also: Appropriations
Discharge petitionFloor procedure
A House mechanism to force a bill out of a committee that won't act on it. If a majority of the House — 218 members — signs the petition, the bill can be brought to the floor over the leadership's wishes.
Learn more ↗ Source: Congress.gov See also: Motion to discharge
En blocFloor procedure
Considering or voting on a group of items — often several nominations or amendments — together in a single action rather than one at a time, to save floor time when there's no objection.
Learn more ↗ Source: Congress.gov See also: Unanimous consent
FilibusterFloor procedure
A tactic to delay or block a Senate vote by extending debate indefinitely. Because Senate rules place few limits on how long a senator may speak, overcoming a filibuster generally requires 60 votes through a process called cloture.
Learn more ↗ Source: U.S. Senate See also: Cloture, Motion to proceed
FISC (Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court)Legal / War powers
The secret federal court created by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act in 1978 to review government requests for surveillance in national-security cases. Among other things, it approves the annual "certifications" that authorize collection under Section 702 — which is why those certifications can outlast a brief lapse of the statute itself.
Learn more ↗ Source: Intelligence.gov
HoldFloor procedure
An informal notice from a senator to party leadership that they object to bringing a bill or nomination to the floor. Because the senator is signaling intent to filibuster, a hold can quietly stall a measure even though it isn't a formal rule.
Learn more ↗ Source: U.S. Senate See also: Filibuster, Unanimous consent
INARA (Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act)Legal / Foreign affairs
A 2015 law giving Congress a defined window to review — and potentially vote to reject — certain agreements with Iran before sanctions relief can take effect. It's the mechanism lawmakers cite when they demand a congressional vote on an Iran deal.
Learn more ↗ Source: Congress.gov See also: War Powers Resolution
MarkupCommittee
The committee stage where members debate a bill, offer and vote on amendments, and decide whether to send it to the floor. It's where most of the detailed shaping of legislation actually happens.
Learn more ↗ Source: Congress.gov See also: Regular order
Motion to dischargeFloor procedure
A motion to pull a measure out of the committee considering it so the full chamber can take it up. In the Senate it's the counterpart to the House's discharge petition.
Learn more ↗ Source: Congress.gov See also: Discharge petition
Motion to proceedFloor procedure
A procedural vote to begin formally considering a bill on the Senate floor. It must succeed before debate on the bill itself can start — and because the motion can itself be filibustered, it is often where a bill first stalls.
Learn more ↗ Source: Congress.gov See also: Cloture, Filibuster
Omnibus / minibusBudget
A single large bill that bundles many appropriations measures together (omnibus), or a smaller bundle of just a few (minibus). Leaders use them to pass spending in one vote when passing the twelve bills separately has stalled.
Learn more ↗ Source: Congress.gov See also: Appropriations, Continuing resolution
ParliamentarianFloor procedure
The nonpartisan adviser in each chamber who interprets its rules and precedents — including, in the Senate, which provisions qualify to ride on a reconciliation bill under the Byrd Rule. The advice is influential but the chamber can, in rare cases, override it.
Learn more ↗ Source: U.S. Senate See also: Byrd Rule, Point of order
Point of orderFloor procedure
An objection that a rule or precedent is being violated. If the presiding officer sustains it, the offending provision or action is blocked — the tool used, for example, to strike non-budget items from a reconciliation bill under the Byrd Rule.
Learn more ↗ Source: U.S. Senate See also: Byrd Rule, Parliamentarian
Purcell doctrine (Purcell principle)Legal / Elections
A legal doctrine holding that courts should avoid changing election rules in the period close to an election, to prevent confusion among voters and officials. It originates from the 2006 Supreme Court case Purcell v. Gonzalez and is often cited to let an election proceed under existing rules while litigation continues.
Learn more ↗ Source: Encyclopædia Britannica See also: Veto override
QuorumFloor procedure
The minimum number of members who must be present for the chamber to conduct business — a simple majority: 51 in the Senate and 218 in the House when there are no vacancies.
Learn more ↗ Source: U.S. Senate See also: Unanimous consent
Recess vs. adjournmentFloor procedure
Two ways the chamber pauses. A recess is a temporary break that leaves pending business in place; an adjournment formally ends the legislative day or session. The distinction carries real procedural effects — including, constitutionally, neither chamber may adjourn for more than three days without the other's consent.
Learn more ↗ Source: Congress.gov See also: Pro forma session
ReconciliationBudget
A special budget process that lets certain tax, spending, and debt-limit bills pass the Senate by simple majority, bypassing the 60-vote filibuster. Its scope is limited to budgetary provisions — non-budget items can be challenged and stripped under the Byrd Rule.
Learn more ↗ Source: U.S. Senate See also: Byrd Rule, Vote-a-rama, Filibuster
Regular orderFloor procedure
The normal step-by-step legislative process — committee markup, floor debate, amendments, and conference between the chambers. The term is usually invoked as a contrast, when members complain that leadership is bypassing those steps.
Learn more ↗ Source: Congress.gov See also: Markup, Suspension of the rules
302(b) allocationsBudget
The division of the overall spending total among the twelve appropriations subcommittees, setting how much each one has to work with. The name comes from the section of the Congressional Budget Act that requires it.
Learn more ↗ Source: Congress.gov See also: Appropriations
Pro forma sessionFloor procedure
A brief, often minutes-long meeting of the chamber where no business is conducted, held to satisfy the constitutional requirement that Congress not adjourn for more than three days — and, in practice, to block the president from making recess appointments.
Learn more ↗ Source: U.S. Senate See also: Recess vs. adjournment
Suspension of the rulesFloor procedure
A fast-track House procedure that limits debate and bars amendments, used for less controversial bills. The trade-off: passage requires a two-thirds majority rather than a simple majority.
Learn more ↗ Source: Congress.gov See also: Regular order
Unanimous consent (UC)Floor procedure
A way to move business quickly when no member objects — used constantly to set schedules and dispose of routine matters. Because it requires zero objections, a single senator can block it.
Learn more ↗ Source: U.S. Senate See also: Hold, En bloc
Veto overrideLegislation types
Congress enacting a bill into law over the president's veto, which requires a two-thirds vote in both the House and the Senate — a high bar that is rarely met.
Learn more ↗ Source: U.S. Senate See also: Concurrent vs. joint resolution
Vote-a-ramaBudget
A marathon Senate session of rapid, back-to-back amendment votes with little or no debate between them. It typically occurs near the end of work on a budget resolution or reconciliation bill, when debate time has expired but amendments may still be offered.
Learn more ↗ Source: Congressional Research Service See also: Reconciliation
War Powers ResolutionLegal / War powers
A 1973 law requiring the president to notify Congress within 48 hours of committing armed forces to action and to withdraw them after 60 days unless Congress authorizes the deployment. It is Congress's main statutory tool for asserting its constitutional role in decisions of war.
Learn more ↗ Source: Cornell Legal Information Institute See also: AUMF, Concurrent vs. joint resolution